语言学（linguistics）是以人类语言为研究对象的学科，探索语言的性质、功能、结构、运用和历史发展问题。 1、Minimal pair 最小对立体：除了同一位置的一个音以外，其余音都相同。drill 和kill。 2、发音分类：a.发音方式（Manner of articulation）；b.发音部位（Place of articulation）；c. 带声性（Voicing; vibration of the vocal cords）。 清辅音（Voiceless）：/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ //h/ /tr/ /ts/ /tʃ/ 浊辅音（Voiced）：/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /ð/ /z/ /ʒ / /dʒ/ /dz/ /dr/ Affrication塞擦音：只有两个 /tʃ/，/dʒ/ Denotation本意，connotation隐含意义 Synonymy/ synonymous同义词（sy=same） Antonymy（an=un）/ inconsistent/ relational opposites 反义词（ Gradable Antonymy等级反义词，hot和cold，中间还有warm， Complementary antonymy互补反义词boy和girl互为否定） Hyponymy /entail 上下包含关系（hy=high上下） Polysemy 一词多义，Homonymy 同音/同形异义（homo人类），contradiction 矛盾关系 Presuppose预设： Don't sit on Carol's bed.（Carol has a bed.）不坐在她床上。她首先要先有床。 Direct speech act 直接言语行为：直接提出要求 Indirect speech act 间接言语行为 = illocutionary act 言外行为（言外之意，暗含的意思） Locutionary act 言内行为（字面表达的意思） Perlucationary act 言后行为（做出的行动） 例如：你回到家跟妈妈说I am hungry这是言内行为，意图是要东西吃，这是言外行为，妈妈拿出东西给你吃，达到了言语效果，这是言后行为。 合作原则：交谈之所以能顺利进行，是因为双方遵循了一定的原则，数量（信息量），质量（真实），关系（相关），方式（有条理）准则。 1. 语音修辞：alliteration头韵，end rhyme尾韵，反韵reverse rhyme（最后一个音节不同：night,nine） 2. 词义修辞：simile 明喻（二者之间有相似关系as, like：snow is like white blanket） metaphor 暗喻（二者之间的对比是隐含的，可直接用is，而不用as, like：He has a heart of stone） synecdoche 提喻（部分代整体），metonymy 借代（联想，用相关的另一个词代替本词）。 典故/引喻allusion，personification 拟人，hyperbole 夸赞，irony 反语，pun 双关，oxymoron 矛盾old young man，移就transferred epithet ：修饰一类名词的adj用来修饰另一类名词。 He lay all night on a sleepless pillow. 复合法compound：throughout 派生法derivation：词根root，词缀affix（前缀prefix，后缀suffix） 逆构词法back-formation：删除一部分editor-edit do pattern drill 句型练习，have a dictation 听写， recite/ copy a text 背诵/抄写课文，form sentences 造句 indicate 表明显示，biased有偏见的，radical激进的 syllable音节：音标中每包含一个元音音素，即为一个音节。 morpheme词素：语言中最小单位的音义结合体（词缀，词根） phone音素： phoneme音位：能够区分词意的最小语音单位。 vocal cords 声带，
本次教资面试试题来源于学员回忆与真实试题存在偏差，仅供参考。
高中英语 词汇
一、考题回顾
二、考题解析
【教案】
Anne’s best friend
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aims:
Students can understand the content of the passage and the historic background of the second world war.
Ability aim:
Students will learn some new words such as hide away, discover and set down.
Emotional aim:
Students can realize the importance of world peace and cherish our lives.
Key and difficult points:
Key point:
To understand the passage and learn some new words.
Difficult point:
To foster the importance of world peace and cherish our lives.
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Warming-up
1. Greetings.
2. Let students enjoy a song named You are my sunshine and ask them to pay attention to the lyrics. The song goes like this:
You are my sunshine my only sunshine
You make me happy when skies are gray
You’ll never know dear how much I love you
Please don’t take my sunshine away
Ask students to answer the question “What do you think is your sunshine in your life?” Then tell them that friends are like the sunshine in our lives and lead in the topic.
Step 2: Presentation
1. Read the passage to the students and ask them the main idea of the passage.
2. Ask them to pay attention to some words like hid away, discovered and set down and write them down on the blackboard.
3. Explain to them that the original form of “hid away, discovered” are “hide away, discover” and tell them the meaning of these three phrases.
Step 3: Practice
1. Five minutes will be given to students and ask students to make new sentences with three phrases they have just learned like:
The wanted man hid away in the forest
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
The police set down his phone number.
Step 4: Production
Ask students to discuss the stories they know about the second world war in groups of four and encourage students to share their ideas. 5 minutes will be given for discussion. Then invite some groups to share.
Step 5: Summary and Homework
Summary: invite a student to be a little teacher and summarize today’s lesson. Ask students to cherish our lives.
Homework: ask students to design a poster about promoting Anne’s diary and share it next class.
Blackboard design:
Teaching reflection
【答辩题目解析】
1. What should be included when teaching vocabulary?
1.词汇教学的内容有哪些?
【参考答案】
I think it mainly refers four aspects as follows:
Firstly, meaning. Teaching vocabulary involves two aspects: conceptual meaning and associative meaning.
Secondly, basic information, which involves its part of speech, affixes, spelling and pronunciation. It also includes lexical rules, the syntax structure of words.
Thirdly, usage. It includes collocation, phrases, idioms, and others.
Lastly, learning strategies. It can be divides into controlling strategies, resource strategies, cognitive strategies, memory strategies and strategies for organizing activities.
我觉得主要包括以下四方面的内容：
第一，词义。词义包括概念意义和关联意义;
第二，词汇信息。词汇信息包括词类，词缀，拼写，发音,也包括规则和词法;
第三，用法，包括词汇的搭配、短语、习语等;
最后，词汇学习策略。主要包括控制策略，资源策略，认知策略，记忆策略以及活动组织策略。
2. What qualities should an excellent teacher have?
2.一名优秀的教师应该具备哪些素质?
【参考答案】
I hold that an excellent teacher should have the following qualities:
At first, he should have high professional ethics. All excellent teachers should be dedicated and selfless, and truly concern students and care to help them.
Then, he should possess an abundant knowledge.
Last but not the least, he should own excellent qualities, such as getting along with colleges, or dealing with different situation properly to set a good example for students.
我认为一名优秀的教师应该具备以下几点素质：
首先，他必须具有高尚的职业道德素养。能够做到无私奉献，真正的把学生放在心上，全心全意为学生着想;
其次，她必须具备丰富的知识素养;
最后，她必须拥有良好的个人素养，能够很好地处理人际关系，应对不同情况，给学生树立优秀典范。
